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[cherry_title_box title="Парусные ткани" icon_size="20" align="left" title_priority="title_subtitle" title_size="big"]
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Развитие технологий, создание новых материалов сильно повлияло и на развитие парусного спорта и яхтинга в целом. Легкие и прочные материалы, такие как Кевлар, Вектран, Спектра, Дынема, Технора, Карбон и пр. позволили создавать очень прочные и легкие конструкции. Не обошел прогресс и производство парусных тканей. Кроме широко применяемых волокон полиэстера, нейлона, пентакса все чаще встречаем в конструкции ткани Спектру, Вектран, Кевлар.
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На сегодняшний день основным материалом для производства широко применяемых парусов являются полиамидные волокна. Из этих волокон создаются полиэстеровые ткани, такие как Дакрон, Терилен, Лавсан. Это коммерческие названия в принципе одного и того же материала. Основная разница заключается в форме соединения молекул. Если у дакрона структурная формула это вытянутая цепочка, то у лавсана больше напоминает дерево или куст. Эти материалы создаются для разного назначения и веса. Для изготовления парусов на разные по величине лодки и для различных районов плавания, а так же курсов относительно ветра, проектируются и изготавливаются соответствующие ткани, которые максимально удовлетворяют этим требованиям.
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Все материалы, из которых изготавливаются паруса можно разделить на две основные группы.
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[cherry_title_box title="Моноткани" icon_size="20" align="center" title_priority="title_subtitle" title_size="big"]
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К этой группе относятся ткани, изготовленные на ткацких станках с дальнейшей обработкой или без неё.
Моноткани, изготавливаются на ткацких станках, в процессе ткачества задаются определённые параметры как количество нитей основы и утка, а так же их толщина, после ткачества, как правило, полотно ткани проходят финишную обработку различными смолами, которые заполняют пространства между волокнами и препятствуют сдвигу волокон под нагрузкой. Таким образом, устраняется начальная деформация ткани. В зависимости от вида применяемой пропитки (смолы), получаются разные физические свойства ткани, а именно жесткость или мягкость самого материала.
Материалы с жестким финишем (Polykote, HTP, MHTP) менее удобны при работе с парусом при его постановке и уборке, а так же хранению, но они лучше держат форму профиля и меньше деформируются. Материалы с мягким финишем (Polypreg, MTO, FTO), удобнее при уборке, постановке паруса, а также при взятии рифов.
Современные парусные ткани проектируются и изготовляются для определенного вида кроя.
Также есть ткани сбалансированные, которые можно применять для обоих видов кроя.
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[cherry_title_box title="Ламинаты" icon_size="20" align="center" title_priority="title_subtitle" title_size="big"]
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Многослойные ткани, которые состоят из нескольких слоев различных полимеров и волокон, соединённых между собой при помощи когезии или адгезии.
Ламинаты, это многослойные материалы, из которых изготавливают паруса. Основную структуру полотна составляют волокна из арамидных нитей, которые воспринимают основную нагрузку, возникающую в материале, а промежуток заполнен пленкой, которая при спекании фиксирует волокна в определённом направлении и является поверхностью материала. Так как пленка легко повреждается, все больше стали применять таффету, это тонкий слой ткани, который запекается одновременно при изготовлении материала. Он может быть как интегрированным в середину материала, так и быть с одной или с обеих сторон материала. Таффета значительно повышает срок службы ламинированной ткани.
Парусные ткани разделяются по назначению, а именно для какого курса относительно ветра изготавливаются паруса.
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[cherry_title_box title="Ткани для лавировочных парусов" icon_size="20" align="left" title_priority="title_subtitle" title_size="big"]
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Для лавировочных парусов существует обширный ассортимент тканей из дакрона, а также ламинатов.
Познакомится с тканями для лавировочных парусов можно на сайтах их производителей по следующим ссылкам:
http://www.contendersailcloth.com/Cruiser/cruising-upwind
http://www.contendersailcloth.com/Performance%20Cruiser/performance-cruising
http://www.contendersailcloth.com/Clubracer/Clubracing-upwind%20cross%20cut
http://www.dimension-polyant.com/en/Wovens_2_1_1.php
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[cherry_title_box title="Ткани для парусов на полные курсы" icon_size="20" align="left" title_priority="title_subtitle" title_size="big"]
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Не менее обширный ассортимент тканей для парусов на полные курсы.
С этими тканями можно познакомиться здесь:
http://www.contendersailcloth.com/Clubracer/Clubracing-reaching
http://www.contendersailcloth.com/Clubracer/Clubracing-downwind
http://www.dimension-polyant.com/en/Spinnaker_2_6_1.php
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